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The Physiology of Spermatozoa^*

Massachusetts Agricultural College

Abstract

The problem of the physiology of spermatozoa has been studied from many angles, with the use of many species of animals. Complete data are not available for any one species, and relatively few data are available from studies in which farm animals have been used. In preparing this paper, the writer has attempted to bring together the findings in all species that appear to be of value in understanding the physiological processes involved in the formation of spermatozoa and their transportation through the male and female reproductive tracts. Special emphasis is given findings that may aid in improving the efficiency of livestock breeding programs. Because of limited space, only those results are cited which seem essential to illustrate the points in question.

Embryonic and Post-Natal Development of the Testes

The early embryonic development and differentiation of the testes, and the gross anatomical changes undergone as the testes develop and descend into the scrotum have been given careful consideration in various textbooks of embryology (Arey, 1930; Patten, 1931, and others) so only the histological changes undergone in the later stages will be referred to here.

¹ Contribution No. 230 of the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station, Amherst, Mass.