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Urinary Calculi in Sheep a Progress Report

Purdue University

Abstract

Frequent references to "gravel" and "stones" in early English livestock literature indicate that they have long been known and recognized by experienced sheep men. The cause of their formation has been commonly attributed to one or more of the following: (1) roots, particularly mangels, (2) hard water, (3) high condition, (4) lack of exercise, and (5) chilling in the early spring after shearing. Calculi have been produced experimentally in rats, rabbits and guinea pigs. This has been accomplished by introducing Proteus ammoniae into the bladder, or by feeding a ration deficient in vitamin A and in protein of animal origin, or by feeding a ration deficient in vitamins A and C or by feeding oxamide.

Frequency of Occurrence

Forthy-five replies to a quextionaire sent to 53 sheep men in different parts of the United States and Canada gave some important data. Of this number, only eight reported that they had had no calculi trouble in their flocks and did not know of its occurrence.