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Availability of the Phosphorus from Various Phosphate Materials for Swine¹

Purdue University²

Abstract

Six dry-lot feeding experiments were conducted to determine the availability of the phosphorus in various phosphate materials for growing swine. Semi-purified rations were used in five experiments and a practical corn-soybean oil meal ration was used in one experiment. In the semi-purified diet studies six pigs were fed individually ad libitum per treatment on indoor concrete floors. The pratical diet was self-fed to a group of 12 pigs per treatment on concrete floors with outside exposure.

The criteria of evaluation were: growth rate, feed consumption, feed per unit gain, bi-weekly inorganic phosphorus analyses, femur ash, phosphorus and fluorine analyses and visual observations.

The supplements ranked in the following order: dicalcium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate, and phosphoric acid about equal followed by steamed bone meal and defluorinated phosphate, then Curacao Island phosphate and finally soft phosphate with colloidal clay the poorest.

In comparisons of "soft phosphate" with dicalcium phosphate at the same phosphorus level the former resulted in a highly significant reduction in gains, feed intake, serum phosphorus, and ash content of the femurs. The fluorine content of the femurs was increased from 16 to 30 times by feeding "soft phosphate". Adding "soft phosphate" to a basal ration containing 0.18% phosphorus to supply a total of 0.60% resulted in excessive pitting and decay of the molars as compared to the same level of phosphorus from dicalcium phosphate. Three times as much fluorine was deposited in the femurs from feeding "soft phosphate" as from feeding the same amount of fluorine as calcium fluoride added to the dicalcium phosphate basal.

In one experiment Curacao was equal to dicalcium phosphate but in a later more critical test using the extremely low phosphorus basal (0.035% P) the Curacao pigs ate less, gained slower, had lower serum phosphate values and developed more severe skeletal abnormalities than the dicalcium phosphate controls.

Pigs fed steamed bone meal developed more leg weaknesses than the dicalcium phosphate controls, yet gains were similar. Defluorinated phosphate was about equal to steamed bone meal.

Commercial monocalcium phosphate was equal to dicalcium phosphate in two purified-diet tests.

Analytical grade phosphoric acid was equal to U.S.P. grade dicalcium phosphate in all criteria measured in one purified-diet study and in one study using a corn-soybean oil meal basal ration.

Adding 0.15% phosphorus from either dicalcium phosphate or phosphoric acid to a practical corn-soybean oil meal ration (0.30% phosphorus) resulted in a highly significant increase in rate of gain and serum phosphorus values and also a marked increase in feed efficiency.

¹ This research was supported in part by a research grant from International Minerals and Chemical Corporation, Chicago, Illinois.

² Contribution from the Department of Animal Husbandry, Journal Paper No. 1139, Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station, Lafayette, Indiana.