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Raising Beef Calves from Birth on Synthetic and Whole Dried Milk with and without Oxytetracycline^{1, 2, 3,}

Washington State College, Pullman

Abstract

The results reported in this paper are from a project which was born of necessity—the necessity of elimanating an infection of Johne's disease in the beef cattle herd at the State College of Washington. Because of the extreme susceptibility of young calves to this disease, it seemed highly desirable that they be raised in strict isolation from their dams from the moment of birth.

A considerable amount of work has been done using synthetic milk instead of whole milk fed to calves (Wiese et al., 1947; Arrington and Reaves, 1948; Williams and Knodt, 1950; Wallace et al., 1951; Brumbaugh and Knodt, 1952; Stein et al., 1954). The synthetic milk that was fed consisted of skim milk with other supplements added to make it equivalent to whole milk. It was also found that animal fats homogenized into skim milk were superior to plant oils (Gullickson et al., 1942; Wiese et al., 1947; and Stein et al., 1953).

¹ Contribution from the Western Regional Project W-1, "The Improvement of Beef Cattk Through Breeding Methods", Scientific Paper No. 1464, Washington Agricultural Experiment Stations, Pullman, Project 788.

² Special acknowledgement is made for services rendered by the Beef Cattle Herdsmen, Mr. David E. Foster and Mr. E. M. Hanks, in the care of the calves in the project. Also, acknowledgement is made for the splendid co-operation extended by Dr. F. K. Bracken, College of Veterinary Medicine. The valuable counsel and advice of Dr. T. H. Blosser, Dairy Science Department, and of Dr. E. M. Gildow, Carnation Farms, Carnation, Washington, as well as the assistance of Mr. Warren A. North, Animal Husbandry student, is also acknowledged. Mr. J. G. Darroch, Experiment Stations Statistician, assisted with the statistical work.

³ Acknowledgement is herewith made for the following contributions to this project: the synthetic milk and the terramycin provided by the Chas. Pfizer and Co., Inc., Brooklyn, New York (Dr. James McGinnis), and the bottles and nipples provided by Albers Milling Company, Los Angeles, California.

⁴ Assistant Animal Husbandman, and Chairman, Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively.

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