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Trace Minerals for Growing-Fattening Swine Fed in Drylot^{1, 2,}

Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station

Abstract

A corn and soybean oil meal ration fortified with dehydrated alfalfa meal, meat and bone scraps, vitamins, APF supplement, iodized calcium carbonate, steamed bonemeal, and salt was fed to replicate lots of growing-fattening pigs. This ration was supplemented with a mixture of iron, copper, manganese, cobalt, and zinc at three different levels. Though the differences were admittedly small, an analysis of variance showed that the experiment error was very low, and the average daily gains were significantly influenced (P=0.05) by the level of trace minerals fed. The regression of average daily gain on the level of minerals was curvilinear. The most rapid daily gains were at the 0.10 percent level of trace minerals. Trace minerals fed to sows during gestation and to sows and litters during lactation may have a subsequent influence on the growth response of the pigs from weaning to market. The chemical analyses of the rations would indicate that the improved performance from the addition of the different minerals was due to copper, manganese and/or cobalt. The differences found in feed efficiency and in hemoglobin readings were not statistically significant. The results of this experiment would indicate that swine rations composed of commonly used natural feedstuffs may be slightly deficient in one or more of the trace elements studied in this experiment if maximum growth is desired.

¹ Journal Paper No. J-1903 of the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa. Project 930.

² This research was supported in part by a grant from the Calcium Carbonate Company, Quincy, Illinois. The minerals and vitamins were supplied by the Calcium Carbonate Company. The APF (Lot 26) was supplied by Lederle Laboratories, Pearl River, New York.

³ Acknowledgement is made to Mr. Don Quinn, Animal Nutrition Farm foreman and his associates for their assistance.